Hypoglycemic Activity of Gynura Procumbens in...

Background of the Study Diabetes mellitus is a serious metabolic disorder wherein the person has high blood glucose level either due to inadequate insulin production or the body’s cells do not respond properly to insulin (Nordqvist, 2010). There are three main types of diabetes namely Type I (insulin-dependent), Type II, and gestational diabetes. All these types are characterized by hyperglycemia or high blood glucose level. A person with diabetes may experience many symptoms such as high blood sugar, high glucose content in urine, weight loss, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, infections, blurred vision, and lethargy or coma (NDIC, 2013). Diabetes is continuing to be a major health problem in the world. The number of people with diabetes is†¦show more content†¦In the most recent study, the extract of G. procumbens was reported to produce significant elevation in the fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels of normal rats, but a decrease in diabetic rats (Hassan et al., 2010). Th us there is a need to further investigate the hypoglycemic activity of Gynura procumbens. Statement of the Problem What is the hypoglycemic activity of Gynura prcumbens leaf extract in alloxan-induced diabetic male mice? Objective of the Study The present study will be conducted to determine the hypoglycemic effect of Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. in Alloxan-induced diabetic male mice. Significance of the Study Gynura procumbens grows extensively in Southeast Asia, where it is traditionally used for treatment of eruptive fevers, rash, kidney disease, migraines, constipation, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cancer (Rosidah, 2009). The investigation of Gynura procumbens will allow the researchers to assess its hypoglycemic activity. The results of this study can contribute to the knowledge about herbal plants with antidiabetic properties. The information from this study may aid in developing Gynura procumbens into a drug that will effectively lower the blood sugar levels in diabetic patients. Scope and Limitations of the Study This study focuses on the effectivity of Gynura procumbens plant extract as an alternative agent for lowering the bloodShow MoreRelatedComplications and Prevalence of Diabetes1391 Words   |  6 Pagesthese studies and information, it is therefore important to search for alternative diabetic medications such as herbal plants, which are natural, safe, effective, and inexpensive. Herbal Plants Many herbal plants have been investigated for their hypoglycemic. The active principles in these medicinal plants have been reported to possess pancreatic beta cells regenerating, insulin releasing, and fighting the problem of insulin resistance. These plants also have the ability to restore the function of

The Return Midnight Chapter 31 Free Essays

Elena woke up feeling stiff and cramped. But that wasn’t surprising. Three other people seemed to be on top of her. We will write a custom essay sample on The Return: Midnight Chapter 31 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Elena? Can you hear me? Stefan? Yes! You’re awake? I’m all cramped†¦and hot. A different voice interrupted. Just give us a moment and you won’t be cramped anymore. Elena felt Damon move away. Bonnie rol ed into his place. But Stefan clung to her for a moment. Elena, I’m sorry. I never even realized what condition you were in. Thank God for Damon. Can you forgive me? Despite the heat, Elena cuddled closer to him. If you can forgive me for putting the whole party in danger. I did that, didn’t I? I don’t know. I don’t care. All I know is that I love you. It was several minutes before Bonnie woke up. Then she said feebly, â€Å"Hey! Whachoo doin’in my bed?† â€Å"Getting out of it,†Elena said, and tried to rol over and get up. The world was wobbly. She was wobbly – and bruised. But Stefan was never more than a few inches away, holding her, righting her when she started to fal . He helped her get dressed without making her feel like a baby. He examined her backpack, which fortunately hadn’t gone into the water, and then he took out anything heavy inside. He put the heavy things in his own pack. Elena felt much better after being given some food, and after seeing the thurgs – both of them – eating too; either stretching their great double trunks up to break off pieces of wood from the barren trees, or scooping away snow to find dry grass underneath. They clearly were not going to die after al . Elena knew everyone was watching her to gauge whether or not she was up to any more that day. She hurried to finish drinking the tea heated over a dung fire, trying to conceal the fact that her hands shook. After forcing some jerky down, she said in her most cheerful voice, â€Å"So what next?† How do you feel? Stefan asked her. â€Å"Little sore, but I’l be fine. I guess everyone expects me to have pneumonia, but I don’t even have any cough.† Damon, after one heavy-lidded glance at Stefan, took both her hands and stared at her. She couldn’t – she didn’t dare – meet his eyes, so she focused on Stefan, who was looking at her comfortingly. At last Damon dropped Elena’s hands abruptly. â€Å"I went in as far as I could. You should know how far that is,†he added to Stefan. â€Å"She’s sound, her nose is wet, and her coat is shiny.† Stefan looked as if he were going to smack him one, but Elena took his hand soothingly. â€Å"I’m healthy,†she said. â€Å"So that’s two votes for me going on to save Fel ‘s Church.† â€Å"I’ve always believed in you,†Stefan said. â€Å"If you think you can go on, you can go on.† Bonnie sniffled. â€Å"Just don’t take any more chances, okay?†she said. â€Å"You scared me.† â€Å"I’m real y sorry,†Elena said gently, feeling the void of Meredith’s absence. Meredith would be a great help to both of them now. â€Å"So, shal we continue? And where are we heading? I’m al turned around.† Damon stood. â€Å"I think we just keep in a straight line. The path is narrow after this – and who knows what the next trial is?† The path was narrow – and misty. Just as before, it started in filmy veils and ended up blinding them. Elena let Stefan, with his catlike reflexes, go first, and she held on to his pack. Behind her, Bonnie clung like a burr. Just when Elena thought she was going to scream if she had to keep traveling through the white blanket any farther, it cleared. They were near the top of some mountain. Elena took off after Bonnie, who had hurried ahead at the sight of transparent air. She was just fast enough to grab on to Bonnie’s pack and pul her backward as she reached the place where the land stopped. â€Å"No way!†Bonnie cried, setting up a clamoring echo from below. â€Å"There is no way I’m going across that!† That was a chasm with a very thin bridge spanning it. The chasm was frosty white on either side at the top, but when Elena gripped the bridge’s ice-cold metal poles and leaned a little forward she could see glacial blues and greens at the very bottom. A chil wind hit her face. The gap between this bit of the world and the next bit directly in front of them was about a hundred yards long. Elena looked from the shadowy depths to the slender bridge, which was made of wooden slats and just wide enough for one person to walk on. It was supported here and there by ropes which ran to the sides of the chasm and were sunk with metal posts into barren, icy rock. It also swooped magnificently down and then back up again. Even looking at it gave the eye a sort of mini?Cthril ride. The only problem was that it didn’t include a safety belt, a seat, two handrails, and a uniformed guide saying, â€Å"Hands and feet must be kept inside the attraction at alltimes!†It did have a single, thin, creeper-woven rope to hold on to on the left. â€Å"Look,†Stefan was saying, as quietly and intently as Elena had ever heard him speak, â€Å"we can hold onto each other. We can go go one by one, very slowly – â€Å" â€Å"NOOO!† Bonnie put into that one word a psychic shriek that almost defeaned Elena. â€Å"No, no, no, no, NO! You don’t understand! I can’t DO IT!† She flung her backpack down. Then she began laughing and crying at the same time in a ful -blown attack of hysterics. Elena had an impulse to dash water in her face. She had a stronger impulse to throw herself down beside Bonnie and shriek, â€Å"And neither can I! It’s insane!†But what good would that do? A few minutes later Damon was talking quietly to Bonnie, unaffected by the outburst. Stefan was pacing in circles. Elena was trying to think of Plan A, while a little voice chanted inside her head, You can’t do it, you can’t do it, you can’t do it, either. This was al just a phobia. They could probably train Bonnie out of it – if, say, they had a year or two. Stefan, on one of his circular trips near her, said, â€Å"And how are you about heights, love?† Elena decided to put a brave face on it. â€Å"I don’t know. I think I can do it.† Stefan looked pleased. â€Å"To save your hometown.† â€Å"Yes†¦but it’s too bad nothing works here. I could try to use my Wings for flying, but I can’t control them – â€Å" And that kind of magic is simply not available here, Stefan’s voice said in her mind. But telepathy is. You can hear me, too, can’t you? They thought of the answer simultaneously, and Elena saw the light of the idea breaking on Stefan’s face even as she began to speak. â€Å"Influence Bonnie! Make her think she’s a tightrope walker – a performer since she was a toddler. But don’t make her too playful so she doesn’t bounce the rest of us off!† With that light in his face, Stefan looked†¦too good. He seized both Elena’s hands, whirled her around once as if she weighed nothing, picked her up, and kissed her. And kissed her. And kissed her until Elena felt her soul dripping off her fingertips. They shouldn’t have done it in front of Damon. But Elena’s euphoria was clouding her judgment, and she couldn’t control herself. Neither of them had been trying for a deep mind probe. But telepathy was al they had left, and it was warm and wonderful and it left them for an instant in the circle of each other’s arms, laughing, panting – with electricity flashing between them. Elena’s whole body felt as if she’d just gotten a sizable jolt. Then she pul ed herself out of his arms, but it was too late. Their shared gaze had gone on much too long, and Elena felt her heart pounding in fear. She could feel Damon’s eyes on her. She barely managed to whisper, â€Å"Wil you tel them?† â€Å"Yes,†Stefan said softly. â€Å"I’l tel them.†But he didn’t move until she actual y turned her back on Bonnie and Damon. After that she peeked over her shoulder and listened. Stefan sat down by the sobbing girl and said, â€Å"Bonnie, can you look at me? That’s al I want. I promise you, you don’t have to go across that bridge if you don’t want to. You don’t even have to stop crying, but try to look me in the eye. Can you do that? Good. Now†¦Ã¢â‚¬ His voice and even his face changed subtly, becoming more forceful – mesmerizing. â€Å"You’re not afraid of heights at all, are you? You’re an acrobat who could walk a tightrope across the Grand Canyon and never turn a hair. You’re the very best of al your family, the flying McCul oughs, and they’re the best in the world. And right now, you’re going to choose whether to cross over that wooden bridge. If so, you’l lead us. You’l be our leader.† Slowly, while listening to Stefan, Bonnie’s face had changed. With swol en eyes fixed on Stefan’s, she seemed to be listening intently to something in her own head. And final y, as Stefan said the last sentence, she jumped up and looked at the bridge. â€Å"Okay, let’s go!†she cried, picking up her backpack, while Elena sat staring after her. â€Å"Can you make it?†Stefan asked, looking at Elena. â€Å"We’l let her go first – there’s real y no way she can fal off. I’l go after her. Elena can come after me and hold on to my belt, and I’m counting on you, Damon, to hold on to her. Especial y if she starts to faint.† â€Å"I’l hold her,†Damon said quietly. Elena wanted to ask Stefan to Influence her, too, but everything was happening so fast. Bonnie was already on the bridge, only pausing when cal ed back by Stefan. Stefan was looking behind him at Elena, saying, â€Å"Can you get a good grip?†Damon was behind Elena, putting a strong hand on her shoulder, and saying, â€Å"Look straight ahead, not down. Don’t worry about fainting; I’l catch you.† But it was such a frail wooden bridge, and Elena found that she was always looking down and her stomach floated up outside her body and above her head. She had a death-grip on Stefan’s belt with one hand, and on the woven creeper with the other. They came to a place where a slat had detached and the slats on either side looked as if they might go at any moment. â€Å"Careful with these!†Bonnie said, laughing and leaping over al three. Stefan stepped over the first chancy slat, over the missing one, and put his foot on the next. Crack! Elena didn’t scream – she was beyond screaming. She couldn’t look. The sound had shut her eyes. And she couldn’t move. Not a finger. Certainly not a foot. She felt Damon’s arms around her waist. Both of them. She wanted to let him support her weight as he had many times before. But Damon was whispering to her, words like spel s that allowed her legs to stop shaking and cramping and even let her stop breathing so fast that she might faint. And then he was lifting her and Stefan’s arms were going around her and for a moment they were both holding her firmly. Then Stefan took her weight and gently put her feet down on firm slats. Elena wanted to cling to him like a koala, but she knew that she mustn’t. She would make them both fal . So somewhere, from inner depths she didn’t know she had, she found the courage to take her own weight on her feet and fumbled for the creeper. Then she lifted her head and whispered as loudly as she could, â€Å"Go on. We need to give Damon room.† â€Å"Yes,†Stefan whispered back. But he kissed her on the forehead, a quick protective kiss, before he turned and stepped toward the impatient Bonnie. Behind her, Elena heard – and felt – Damon jumping catlike over the gap. Elena raised her eyes to stare at the back of Stefan’s head again. She couldn’t compass al the emotions she was feeling at that moment: love, terror, awe, excitement – and, of course, gratitude, al at once. She didn’t dare turn her head to look at Damon behind her, but she felt exactly the same things for him. â€Å"A few more steps,†he kept saying. â€Å"A few more steps.† A brief eternity later, they were on solid ground, facing a medium-sized cavern, and Elena fel to her knees. She was sick and faint, but she tried to thank Damon as he passed by her on the snowy mountain trail. â€Å"You were in my way,†he said shortly and as coldly as the wind. â€Å"If you had fal en you might have upset the entire bridge. And I don’t happen to feel like dying today.† â€Å"What are you saying to her? What did you just say?†Stefan, who had been out of earshot, came hurrying back. â€Å"What did he say to you?† Damon, examining his palm for creeper thorns, said without looking up, â€Å"I told her the truth, that’s al . So far she’s zero for two on this quest. Let’s hope that as long as you make it through they let you in the Gatehouse, because if they’re grading on performance we’ve flunked. Or should I say, one of us has flunked?† â€Å"Shut up or I’ll shut you up,† Stefan said in a different voice than Elena had ever heard him use before. She stared. It was as if he’d grown ten years in one second. â€Å"Don’t you ever talk to her or about her that way again, Damon!† Damon stared at him for a moment, pupils contracted. Then he said, â€Å"Whatever,†and strol ed away. Stefan bent down to hold Elena until her shaking stopped. And that’s that, Elena thought. An ice-cold rage gripped her. Damon had no respect for her at all; he had none for anyone but himself. She couldn’t protect Bonnie from Bonnie’s own feelings – or stop him from insulting her. She couldn’t stop Bonnie for forgiving. But she, Elena, was done with Damon. This last insult was the end. The fog came in again as they walked through the cavern. How to cite The Return: Midnight Chapter 31, Essay examples

Business Process Project Management

Question: Discuss about the Business Process Project Management. Answer: Introduction The essay reflects on the significance of Business Process Management, which is defined as a systematic approach that helps in making the workflow of the organization effective, efficient as well as more capable of adapting to an ever-changing environment (Jeston and Nelis 2014). This paper illustrates the benefits of understanding business process and factors that make difficult for organisations to understand the business processes. The paper also helps in elaborating the difficulties, which an organization experiences when it does not understand its business process. Discussion: Benefits of understanding business processes It is very much important to understand the business procedure properly. Understanding the procedure of business helps in achieving number of benefits. It is identified that BPM is a combination of practices, which are centred for illustrating various unclear processes, continuously looking for improvements as well as changes in various complex areas (Van 2013). Understanding business process properly helps in improving the agility of the business. It is very much significant to make appropriate changes to an organizations best practices in order to stay abreast with the changing scenarios in the market. Proper knowledge, as well as understanding of BPM, helps in permitting the business owner to stop various processes of the business (Schulte et al. 2015). With this, the organizations achieve very much different ability of tracking as well as implementing changes. It is analysed that cost can be reduced by having proper understanding of the Business Processes. Various types of costs, which are associated with business process execution, can be reduced by having proper knowledge as well as understanding about business procedures. For reducing the cost of the organization, it is quite significant to employ right procedure of the business, which helps in executing significant result for the organization (Bradley 2016). The operational cost of the organization reduces which is very much helpful in minimizing the lead-time that has a positive impact on the sales of the organization. This also helps in enhancing the access of the consumers within very much less time (Goetsch and Davis 2014). It further helps in improving the efficiency as well as the profitability of the organization by minimizing waste. The efficiency of business procedures is enhanced by having a proper understanding of Business Process. The efficiency is increased by integrating various processes of the organizations. The owners of the processes achieve alert every time they allocate responsibilities to its team members, which further helps in monitoring of delays as well as relocating various tasks among different members of the organization (Van, Dijkman and Mendling 2013). Therefore, it assists in reducing lead-time in context to implementation as well as enhancement of business process. It also helps in optimizing different processes by removing any redundant task and by implementing automation for minimizing the chances of errors. Compliance, safety as well as the security of an organization increases by having a proper understanding of the business process. Reliable business process helps in guaranteeing that organizations generally comply with different standards in order to remain up to date with the laws (Zikmund et al. 2013). The understanding of the business process helps in increasing the ability for promoting security as well as safety measures. The organization can discover their capability of reducing cost as well as increasing productivity by knowing the business process properly. The employees of the organization are satisfied if it follows appropriate business procedure. In order to follow the proper business process, it is very much important to understand the business process properly (Davenport 2013). It is analysed that business process helps in allowing employees of the organization to focus properly on their work by cutting down numerous repetitive work and by making the access of the information much easier. This further helps in enhancing the productivity. Factors that make difficult for organisations to understand business processes If an organization does not understand the business process properly, then it will face a number of difficulties. Several times, it selects outdated processes due to improper understanding of the business process (Perera et al. 2014). The mistake of choosing outdated process will produce a negative impact on the progress as well as the success of the organization. Out dated process for business, costs both times as well as money of the company. Therefore, it is very much important to update the processes by taking the appropriate amount of time, as updated processes will be helpful for the staff of the organization in working efficiently. The organization selects overly complex process due to the inappropriate understanding of the business process (McCormack and Johnson 2016). Due to the selection of complex business process, they face difficulty in understanding the procedure appropriately. Problems associated with time also occur due to the complexity of the business process. Difficulty in understanding the procedure leads to errors, as staffs of the organizations always want to adopt easier processes in order to complete a task or a procedure. It is quite important for an organization to find out ways that will be helpful in simplifying the complex procedure (Sadgrove 2016). This is because complex procedure will produce a negative impact on the various operations of the organization and it generates problem for the staffs of the organization. Failure to comply with appropriate regulations makes difficult for organizations to understand business process. Organizations are generally facing numerous regulatory as well as statutory rules as well as regulations, which they require to comply with, not only for maintaining their understanding in the market but also for criminal charge (Laguna and Marklund 2013). If an organization is unable to illustrate proper rules as well as regulations to the employees then the organization, they will face difficulty in understanding the business process. Improper communication about rules along with different procedures, which is required to be followed in order to ensure compliance, will raise struggles when external as well as internal audits are carried out (Hatten 2015). The inability of introducing new processes, or inability of adapting to the existing processes for meeting the new requirements raises a number of difficulties in understanding the business process for organizations (Ward 2016). It is analysed that organizations that are generally operating in a fast, as well as changing market with mergers as well as acquisitions, will face difficulty in understanding the business procedure. This is because they often struggle for updating as well as publishing revised processes in order to meet the requirements of the organizations (Perera et al. 2014). Therefore, it is very much significant for the organization to adopt agile as well as an easy system for enabling the changes that are required to be made quickly for minimizing the negative impact on the business. The staff of the organization faces problem in finding out proper as well as appropriate information in order to complete a particular task. Absence of proper information to the staff increases their difficulties, as they do not understand the business procedure properly. There is no single repository for the information, which can be accessed by the staff at a single click (Zikmund et al. 2013). Overcoming the issue by making latest information would be helpful in resolving the problem associated with the understanding of the business process. Difficulties experience by an organization when it does not fully understand its business processes The organizations face numerous difficulties if they are unable to understand the business process quickly as well as appropriately. Business processes are generally meant to be simple, but they get complicated due to the structure, complexity in the system and due to inadequate process development with the organization. It is very much important for forward-thinking managers to understand the requirements as well as the need of streamlining the processes of business for staying relevant (Jeston and Nelis 2014). Efficient communication as well as collaboration is quite critical in order to co-ordinate and for delivering proper customer service. Unfortunately, there are numerous ways, which are followed by the companies for setting their employees up for failure. Profits of the organization are lost when inadequacies in implementation as well as poor business process optimization restrict the agility of the business (Van, Dijkman and Mendling 2013). The organizations are pressurized b y the changing requirement of the customers as well as competitive cost to adjust, redesign as well for adapting to the changing business capabilities as well as processes as they does not understand the business process properly. Improper understanding of the business process by the staff of the organization is visualized in various reactive organizations, which does not create business process for eliminating or minimizing the potential issues (Bradley 2016). Unmet expectations will have a negative impact on the organization that affects customer satisfaction as well as poorly implemented processes of the business due to lack of proper training as well as communication within the organization as it helps in creating a cycle of employees as well as clients for fulfilling the business as well as employment needs. A simple business procedure that is generally overlooked is spending appropriate time as well as money for properly training as well as cross-training employees (Goetsch and Davis 2014).The organization faces problems as if redundancy in the business process is mainly due to improper knowledge about the process. Therefore, it is very much important to provide proper training to the employees of the or ganization so that they can achieve proper understanding about business processes that helps in solving the problems that are related with the redundancy of business process. The capability of satisfying the needs of efficient communication as well as productivity can be balanced with investing in streamlining business process (McCormack and Johnson 2016). If an organization is dependent on weak communication as well as unsatisfactory performance due to poor understanding of the business process which has considerable amount of economic as well as productivity impact. Successful business process design, analysis as well as implementation helps in redirecting significant resources more strategically as well as efficiently and helps in re-focussing internal resources on various strategic capabilities that help in innovating as well as growing the business (Hatten 2015). The business agility gets affected due to integration and process optimization. Effective business processes like reviewing process for removing non-value added procedures, identifying as well as implementing cost savings, as well as proving process design methodologies in order to achieve consistent design as well as implementation across the organization (Sadgrove 2016). Various process improvement methodologies help in directing savings of business. Conclusion It can be concluded that proper understanding of the business process is quite important for achieving success with the organization. It is analysed that proper understanding of the business process helps in enhancing the agility, productivity, efficiency, transparency of the business. It also helps in increasing employee satisfaction as well as customer focus for achieving the goals as well as objectives of the organization. Improper understanding of business process leads to numerous problems, which include lower productivity, improper agility as well as transparency with the business. Number of factors that make difficult for organisations to understand business processes include a selection of complex process, failure to comply with appropriate regulations, Inability of introducing new processes as well as the absence of proper information. Therefore, it is quite important to understand the business properly in order to achieve the goals as well as objectives of the organization. References Bradley, G., 2016.Benefit Realisation Management: A practical guide to achieving benefits through change. CRC Press. Davenport, T.H., 2013.Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology. Harvard Business Press. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Hatten, T.S., 2015.Small business management: Entrepreneurship and beyond. Nelson Education. Jeston, J. and Nelis, J., 2014.Business process management. Routledge. Laguna, M. and Marklund, J., 2013.Business process modeling, simulation and design. CRC Press. McCormack, K.P. and Johnson, W.C., 2016.Supply chain networks and business process orientation: advanced strategies and best practices. CRC Press. Perera, C., Zaslavsky, A., Christen, P. and Georgakopoulos, D., 2014. Sensing as a service model for smart cities supported by internet of things.Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies,25(1), pp.81-93. Rosemann, M. and vom Brocke, J., 2015. The six core elements of business process management. InHandbook on business process management 1(pp. 105-122). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Sadgrove, K., 2016.The complete guide to business risk management. Routledge. Schulte, S., Janiesch, C., Venugopal, S., Weber, I. and Hoenisch, P., 2015. Elastic business process management: state of the art and open challenges for BPM in the cloud.Future Generation Computer Systems,46, pp.36-50. Van Der Aalst, W.M., 2013. Business process management: a comprehensive survey.ISRN Software Engineering,2013. Van Dongen, B., Dijkman, R. and Mendling, J., 2013. Measuring similarity between business process models. InSeminal Contributions to Information Systems Engineering(pp. 405-419). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Ward, J., 2016.Keeping the family business healthy: How to plan for continuing growth, profitability, and family leadership. Springer. Zikmund, W.G., Babin, B.J., Carr, J.C. and Griffin, M., 2013.Business research methods. Cengage Learning.

The Joy Luck Club Cutural Differences Between Daughters And Mothers E

The Joy Luck Club: Cutural Differences Between Daughters And Mothers There are numerous conditions in human life that mold people into who they presently are. A person's identity and way of thinking are influenced greatly due to their family's surroundings, and relationships they are involved in. In the novel, The Joy Luck Club, the characters are generic, in the sense that, although they are from different families, the problems and emotions experienced are similar. The daughters are in an on-going search to discover themselves, who they are and what they represent. With their precious mother-daughter bonds, four immigrants are bewildered at American culture as they struggle to instill in their daughters remnants of their Chinese heritage. Throughout the course of the novel, the mystery of the mother-daughter relationship is revealed to the reader by various means. First, such a strong connection can only be the product of an essential, timeless, emotion called love: She loved you very much, more than her own life (Tan 29). Unfortunately, in Chinese culture, mothers rarely say I love you and find little to no time at all to provide for their daughter's emotional needs. Such attitudes occasionally lead the children to sense that My mother did not treat me this way because she didn't love me. She just had a hard time showing her love for me (Tan 45). As well, the link is also nourished in other ways, such as the swift protection of a mother's young: She grabbed my hand back so fast that I knew at that instant how sorry she was that she had not protected me better (Tan 111). There are other ways in which the mystery of the mother-daughter relationship is uncovered. Because of a mother's enduring love, they often put up high expectations that are often hard to meet. As well, in the case of Waverly and June, a mother's love is expressed in the novel by proudly showing off: From the time we were babies, our mothers compared the creases in our belly buttons, how shapely our earlobes were, how fast we healed when we scraped our knees... (Tan 64). In any case, every small act or gesture done out of deep love for one another, strengthens the bond, that is enkindled at birth. They are frightened. In me, they see their own daughters, just as ignorant, just as unmindful of all the truths and hopes they have brought to America. They see daughters who grow up impatient when their mothers talk in Chinese, who think they are stupid when they explain things in fractured English. They see daughters who will bear grandchildren born without any connecting hope passed from generation to generation. (Tan 31) Culture greatly influences the youth of today as American circumstances considerably influenced the daughters of the novel. In some instances, the Western culture dominates as the mothers strive on, in its shadow: ...and because I remained quiet for so long now my daughter does not hear me. She sits by her fancy swimming pool and hears her Sony Walkman, her cordless phone... (Tan 64). Ying-Ying ponders upon the fact that, She follows my Chinese ways until she learned how to walk out the door by herself and go to school (Tan 289). Because of heavy resentment on the mother's part, in some instances, the American culture is frowned upon and is stereotyped as having morbid thoughts (Tan 105). Many problems, especially embarrassment, surface when the younger generation attempts to become absorbed into a new culture, while the parents insist on clinging to their old ways. The daughters experience troubles while trying to cope with their immigrant parents. There is an obvious language barrier that may result in feelings, such as that of Jing-mei: These kinds of explanations made me feel my mother and I spoke two different languages, which we did. I talked to her in English, she answered back in Chinese (Tan 23). Often, the daughters feel ashamed. The people who embarrass them and whom they resent are their parents: I wish you wouldn't do that, telling everybody I'm your daughter (Tan 101). The young ladies later realize that it is childish to think that way, and they focus on the future, rather then on past mistakes. The children feel that their mothers nag constantly when

Free Essays on St. Thomas Aquinas’ First Two Ways in Proving the Existence of God

St. Thomas Aquinas’ First Two Ways in Proving the Existence of God It is my view that God exists, and I think that Aquinas’ first two ways presents a successful argument for the existence of God. No doubt, the arguments have weak points which are subjected to criticism but nonetheless, in my opinion, these propositions by Aquinas do indeed accomplish their purpose in establishing the existence of a Greatest Conceivable Being that is the unmoved mover and uncaused cause. I believe that this ultimate Being is unchanging and started the universe, time and all matter and concepts of existence. In my view, this Being is what we understand to be God. St. Thomas Aquinas recognized that there were some people who doubted the existence of God because, to them, logic did not allow for or explain God’s existence. His first two ways are two proofs based on logic and observation of nature in proving God’s existence to those who could not accept or believe God on faith alone. Aquinas’ first way is based on motion. He calls it the most obvious way. This first argument, the Argument from Motion, tries to prove the existence of God as the first mover which is unmoved. Now, it is certain as a matter of sense-observation that some things in this world are in motion. Whatever is in motion, Aquinas states, is moved by something else. Aquinas then defines one type of motion as the reduction of something from potentiality to actuality, and says that nothing can make this movement except by something that is already in actuality in the same respect as the first object is in potentiality. For example, something which is actually hot, like fire, makes something which is potentially hot, like wood, to be actually hot. In this way the fire moves and alters the wood. Now, it is not possible for the same thing to be, at the same time and same respect, in actuality and in... Free Essays on St. Thomas Aquinas’ First Two Ways in Proving the Existence of God Free Essays on St. Thomas Aquinas’ First Two Ways in Proving the Existence of God St. Thomas Aquinas’ First Two Ways in Proving the Existence of God It is my view that God exists, and I think that Aquinas’ first two ways presents a successful argument for the existence of God. No doubt, the arguments have weak points which are subjected to criticism but nonetheless, in my opinion, these propositions by Aquinas do indeed accomplish their purpose in establishing the existence of a Greatest Conceivable Being that is the unmoved mover and uncaused cause. I believe that this ultimate Being is unchanging and started the universe, time and all matter and concepts of existence. In my view, this Being is what we understand to be God. St. Thomas Aquinas recognized that there were some people who doubted the existence of God because, to them, logic did not allow for or explain God’s existence. His first two ways are two proofs based on logic and observation of nature in proving God’s existence to those who could not accept or believe God on faith alone. Aquinas’ first way is based on motion. He calls it the most obvious way. This first argument, the Argument from Motion, tries to prove the existence of God as the first mover which is unmoved. Now, it is certain as a matter of sense-observation that some things in this world are in motion. Whatever is in motion, Aquinas states, is moved by something else. Aquinas then defines one type of motion as the reduction of something from potentiality to actuality, and says that nothing can make this movement except by something that is already in actuality in the same respect as the first object is in potentiality. For example, something which is actually hot, like fire, makes something which is potentially hot, like wood, to be actually hot. In this way the fire moves and alters the wood. Now, it is not possible for the same thing to be, at the same time and same respect, in actuality and in...

System Tray Delphi Application

System Tray Delphi Application Take a look at your Task Bar. See the area where the time is located? Are there any other icons there? The place is called the Windows System Tray. Would you like to place your Delphi applications icon there? Would you like that icon to be animated - or reflect the state of your application? This would be useful for programs that are left running for long periods of time with no user interaction (background tasks you typically keep running on your PC all day long). What you can do is to make your Delphi applications look as if they are minimizing to the Tray (instead of to the Task Bar, right to the Win Start button) by placing an icon in the tray and simultaneously making your form(s) invisible. Lets Tray It Fortunately, creating an application that runs in the system tray is pretty easy - only one (API) function, Shell_NotifyIcon, is needed to accomplish the task. The function is defined in the ShellAPI unit and requires two parameters. The first is a flag indicating whether the icon is being added, modified, or removed, and the second is a pointer to a TNotifyIconData structure holding the information about the icon. That includes the handle of the icon to show, the text to show as  a tool tip when the mouse is over the icon, the handle of the window that will receive the messages of the icon and the message type the icon will send to this window. First, in your main forms Private section put the line:TrayIconData: TNotifyIconData; type TMainForm class(TForm) procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject); private TrayIconData: TNotifyIconData; { Private declarations }public{ Public declarations }end; Then, in your main forms OnCreate method, initialize the TrayIconData data structure and call the Shell_NotifyIcon function: with TrayIconData dobegin cbSize : SizeOf(TrayIconData); Wnd : Handle; uID : 0; uFlags : NIF_MESSAGE NIF_ICON NIF_TIP; uCallbackMessage : WM_ICONTRAY; hIcon : Application.Icon.Handle; StrPCopy(szTip, Application.Title); end; Shell_NotifyIcon(NIM_ADD, TrayIconData); The Wnd parameter of the TrayIconData structure points to the window that receives notification messages associated with an icon.   The hIcon points to the icon we want to add to the Tray - in this case, Applications main icon is used.The szTip holds the Tooltip text to display for the icon - in our case the title of the application. The szTip can hold up to 64 characters.The uFlags parameter is set to tell the icon to process application messages, use the applications icon and its tip. The uCallbackMessage points to the application-defined message identifier. The system uses the specified identifier for notification messages that it sends to the window identified by Wnd whenever a mouse event occurs in the bounding rectangle of the icon. This parameter is set to WM_ICONTRAY constant defined in the interface section of the forms unit and equals: WM_USER 1; You add the icon to the Tray by calling the Shell_NotifyIcon API function. The first parameter NIM_ADD adds an icon to the Tray area. The other two possible values, NIM_DELETE and NIM_MODIFY are used to delete or modify an icon in the Tray - well see how later in this article. The second parameter we send to the Shell_NotifyIcon is the initialized TrayIconData structure. Take One If you RUN your project now youll see an icon near the Clock in the Tray. Note three things.   1) First, nothing happens when you click (or do anything else with the mouse) on the icon placed in the Tray - we havent created a procedure (message handler), yet.2) Second, there is a button on the Task Bar (we obviously dont want it there).3) Third, when you close your application, the icon remains in the Tray. Take Two Lets solve this backward. To have the icon removed from the Tray when you exit the application, you have to call the Shell_NotifyIcon again, but with the NIM_DELETE as the first parameter. You do this in the OnDestroy event handler for the Main form. procedure TMainForm.FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);begin Shell_NotifyIcon(NIM_DELETE, TrayIconData);end; To hide the application (applications button) from the Task Bar well use a simple trick. In the Projects source code add the following line: Application.ShowMainForm : False; before the Application.CreateForm(TMainForm, MainForm); E.g let it look like: ...begin Application.Initialize; Application.ShowMainForm : False; Application.CreateForm(TMainForm, MainForm); Application.Run;end. And finally, to have our Tray icon respond to mouse events, we need to create a message handling procedure. First, we declare a message handling procedure in the public part of the form declaration: procedure TrayMessage(var Msg: TMessage); message WM_ICONTRAY; Second, the definition of this procedure looks like: procedure TMainForm.TrayMessage(var Msg: TMessage);begincase Msg.lParam of WM_LBUTTONDOWN: begin ShowMessage(Left button clicked - lets SHOW the Form!); MainForm.Show; end; WM_RBUTTONDOWN: begin ShowMessage(Right button clicked - lets HIDE the Form!); MainForm.Hide; end; end;end; This procedure is designed to handle only our message, the WM_ICONTRAY. It takes the LParam value from the message structure which can give us the state of the mouse upon the activation of the procedure. For the sake of simplicity well handle only left mouse down (WM_LBUTTONDOWN) and right mouse down (WM_RBUTTONDOWN). When the left mouse button is down on the icon we show the main form, when the right button is pressed we hide it. Of course, there are other mouse input messages you can handle in the procedure, like, button up, button double click etc. Thats it. Quick and easy. Next,  youll see how to animate the icon in the Tray and how to have that icon reflect the state of your application. Even more, youll see how to display a pop-up menu near the icon.

Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Financial Management - Essay Example Further, public sector enterprises are more accountable to the stakeholders, being government and public, than private sector undertakings. Financial management field is basically responsible for generating valuable information for the purpose of investing, financing and decision making and the role remains the same regardless of the type of organization. The finance managers in a public sector enterprise play many roles including: 1. Accounting and record keeping: The nature of public sector accounting is quite different from that of private sector. In order to show the users of financial statements as well as the stakeholders the position of the entity and all its assets and liabilities, the status of funds etc the finance managers are responsible to maintain appropriate, correct and timely accounting records. That includes both financial and management accounting records. This in turn ensures that the funds are properly allocated to the areas of concern, the risks and returns are highlighted and presented to the top management and the state for decision making purposes, the areas facing a decline and requiring special 2. Effective utilization and allocation of funds: The earnings or funds allocated to public sector organizations are quite restrained and in that restricted budget a public sector entity has to achieve its goals. Finance managers play an important role in the effective utilization of scarce funds to achieve as many objectives as possible within limited resources. For example if $20 million are annually allocate to a government hospital, the finance managers have to practically analyze the ways in which other costs can be reduced and more patients are treated in the allocated funds. 3. Making fund raising efforts: Proper financial management and record keeping will lead to the financial managers identifying situation wherein they need to double their

Business Formation Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Formation - Coursework Example The entrepreneurs are required to make judgments based on their knowledge, understanding and size of the business. A small business with less capital may be established as a sole proprietor rather than a partnership or a company. Similarly, a company with high capital requirements and extended future expected growth may be established as a company/corporation. The advantages and disadvantages related to each of these business forms should be given appropriate consideration before making a decision. These advantages and disadvantages are discussed below to aid your judgment in the decision making process regarding the types of business formation structures available. Sole Proprietorship Sole Proprietorship is a form of business which is usually preferred by single owners to manage their small-sized businesses. Sole proprietorship is a form whereby the whole authority of managing the daily activities of the business, its management and decision making is limited to the owner of the bus iness. The owners, under sole proprietorship, are the sole holders of any gains or losses generated by the business. They are solely and entirely accountable for the liabilities and rightful holders of the assets that business owns. The legal phenomenon is that business and the owner are equal or the same when it comes to any charge against or for the business. The business’s liability may be termed as the liability of the owners. There are a number of benefits that sole proprietorship brings for the business and the owners. These advantages distinguish this form from other legal forms of businesses. The first and foremost advantage of this kind of a business is the least complex structure of the business. The simplicity of the structure keeps the costs of starting the business and managing it to the minimal. Hence, it may be termed as a cheaper way of establishing a business. Since sole proprietors are the owners of the business with full authority to make decisions and chan ges in the business, this form provides an autonomous position to the owners. They have the authority to change suppliers, the way activities are performed and even the proportion of income which is to be reinvested and so on without any external opposition or conflict. In simple words, we can say that this form brings an independent authority to the proprietors for strategic and managerial decision making without any disagreement from any other party. Moreover, the advantage of enjoying the business profits alone is yet another charm for the proprietors to go for this option (Boone & Kurtz 2008). They are free to reinvest the whole profit that business generates or withdraw it wholly without any need to justify their decisions. In addition to all these benefits, sole proprietorship is also beneficial when the business is required to be dissolved. The simple structure helps in uncomplicated closure of the business. Regardless of the benefits this form of business brings, the disadva ntages must be kept in view when making a decision regarding the expansion of your business. The autonomy that sole proprietorship brings is accompanied with the risk of losing all business and personal assets in case of any liability against the business.  

Fires Role in the Ecosystem Essay Example for Free

Fires Role in the Ecosystem Essay Scientists have studied forests and fires to determine the secret of Natures success in attaining this necessary balance. They have learned that a natural fire results from a certain fuel condition. Some forest types produce and accumulate fuels faster than others; some decompose fuels more readily than others. However, at some point in time, every forest type has fuel of the right quantity and quality for that forest to be ready to burn. In the past, forest fires would benefit the whole forest ecosystem because their frequency and intensity was determined by the systems natural readiness to burn. When there is a departure from the natural fire point, the ultimate, inevitable fire will be more severe. Fed by extraordinary amounts of fuel, a fires intensity may increase beyond the beneficial point for some parts of the ecosystem. Soils can be overheated and root systems damaged. Living tree crowns, as well as dead needles and branches, may be reduced to ashes. The Dilemma Scientists are studying things other than forests and fires things like population increases, wildlife needs, recreation needs and demands, increased hunting pressures, and a diminishing natural resource base. Obviously, all forest fires cannot be permitted to burn uncontrolled according to the whimsical dictates of lightning strikes or the carelessness of humans. Yet, in attempting to protect these forest values, the powerful role of fire has almost disappeared from the ecosystem it once shaped and created. The inevitable release of natural energy is only postponed-the probability of a devastating wildfire is increased. How, then, can the powerful force of fire be used in a way that cooperates, not conflicts, with nature? No Simple Solution Periodic natural fires prevent the heavy buildup of fuel which, when ignited, can harm our forests and ecosystems. Controlling fires in accordance with Natures scheme must be based on fuel management. There is no general prescription or formula for controlling fuels. Forested sites differ, and objectives range from essentially unmanaged wilderness to intensively managed recreation areas. However, in areas where the forest management  objectives require maintaining or reproducing forest or other natural communities natures method fire is a valuable and effective fuel management tool. Fires natural role in reducing fuels is partly replaced in timber-producing areas by the harvest and removal of wood products. However, slash, resulting from these activities, creates another fuel problem. Better use of harvested wood is one answer fire is another. Controlled burning of non useable slash further reduces the fuel load and provides nutrients for the plants and animals that inhabit the area. The technical and scientific refinement of ways to use fire as a management tool has been a major subject of forest research. Scientists are focusing on forest fuel chemistry, fire behavior, meteorology, and other fields to best determine when, where, and how excess fuels are to be burned. Only in the last century has fire in the forest been viewed as a monster. We are now beginning to realize that fire is a natural agent essential for maintaining the natural ecosystems of Florida. Fire is neither all good nor all bad. It is natural. It is powerful. In the proper places, in the right hands, at the right times, fire can be an asset and an ally. To employ fire as a useful friend is much more logical than confronting it as an enemy. Fire is a significant force in the forest environment. Depending upon specific land management objective, plus a host of environmental variables, fire will sometimes be an enemy, at times a friend, and frequently its effects will be mixed between the two extremes. To extend knowledge of fires role in Florida forests, this publication has been developed from scientific literature review and observations by experienced personnel. To be most useful, the general principles that follow must be localized to specific environments or management units in that way, in-depth knowledge of fire can be used to enhance productivity of the earths ecosystems in all their infinite variety. One great truth of this environmental age is that it is far better to complement natural systems than to manipulate them for single-purpose gain. It is through recognition of ecological interrelationships that we can best manage natural resources for the public good. Ignorance of ecological interrelationships is no excuse for land management errors. To meet future  environmental demands, land managers must build uncommon strength in all three fire activities: prevention, protection, and fire prescribed for ecological benefits. Fire management, in full partnership with other environmental factors, is necessary for quality land management. The Two Faces of Fire The Monster Uncontrolled wildfire raging through a forest can have disastrous effects. Healthy trees are reduced to blackened snags; shrubs that provided food and cover for wildfire become ashes; under the intense heat some soil nutrients are vaporized and become airborne in clouds of choking smoke. Ash falls on rooftops, window sills, and darkens clothes drying outdoors in nearby towns. Where people once enjoyed a green, scenic landscape, they see a stark, gray landscape. A forest has been grossly changed; the web of life it encompassed and nurtured has been broken. Here, fire has shown its mastery over the land and has behaved as a monster. The Friend Think about fire for a moment. If you have warmed your hands in its welcomed heat and enjoyed its friendly light, you know that all fire is not the raging holocaust. Fire, along with air, water, and earth, is a basic environmental factor. We do not judge air as bad because of periodic, destructive hurricanes. We are drawn to water rather than avoiding it despite its potential to cause devastating floods. We do not fear the earth though we know that forces beyond our control can cause it to quake and slide. Fire, no less than air and water, has been a natural directing force in human evolution and the earth we inhabit. History indicates that humans learned to use and control fire. Fire was, perhaps, our first tool. Yet today the acceptance of fire in the forest seems basically contrary to our beliefs in modern times. Perhaps we feel we have progressed beyond the need for direct dependence on this natural force. Or maybe we simply do not know and understand it any longer. Lightning In the Making Continued sunny and warm except for isolated afternoon or evening thunderstorms. Thirty percent chance of rain. This is a familiar midsummer  weather forecast in Florida. From over the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, air   masses directly affect Floridas weather. Warm air is lifted high into cool, upper air layers. The cooling of this rising air causes its moisture to condense and clouds to form. Moisture droplets form in the upper; cold parts of the clouds. When they reach a certain size, the droplets begin to fall earthward, away from the influence of the cold air back into warm, uplifting currents. The droplets may again vaporize and be lifted even higher into the upper air layers. A repeated cycle of warming, lifting, and cooling causes the buildup of tall columns of billowy clouds. The bases of the clouds may be 3,000 feet above sea level the tops of the cloud columns develop upward to levels of 60,000 feet. The Ignition Source Inside the clouds electrical charges build up and separate into positive and negative centers. The upper portion of the cloud becomes positively charged and the lower portion becomes negatively charged. The negative charge near the cloud base induces a positive charge on the ground a reversal of the fair weather pattern when the ground charge is negative. Potential gradients between positive and negative centers, with some assistance from friction caused by falling water droplets, lead to those large sparks known as lightning discharges. Cloud-to-ground lightning is usually a discharge between the negative lower portion of the cloud and the positive charge on the ground. Most thunderstorms in Florida are accompanied by rain. Lightning fires occur when the lightning bolt strikes outside the area of rainfall or it ignites dry fuels that smolder through the rain shower and begin to burn as the area dries out following the shower. Energy to Use or Burn From a distance, pines and other vegetation look fresh and green. Close inspection reveals that the greenness is a shell enveloping a core of dry needles, twigs, and branches. In the needled or leafy part of the tree, known as the crown, growth occurs at the branch tips, so the youngest, greenest parts are always around the outside edges. Here, photosynthesis occurs. Photosynthesis is the major function of every green plant. It is the process by which light energy from the sun is converted to a form of energy that can be stored and used by the plant. Generally, the conversion is to  chemical energy and involves the formation of a series of complex organic compounds. Some of the compounds impart the piney odors we enjoy in forests. What we cannot tell from their pleasant aroma is that these compounds are very flammable. Once stored, the energy can be used in different ways. For example, it can be used by the plant to produce wood or grow more needles in which more energy conversion will take place. It can be used as a source of food by animals that browse the leaves and twigs where the compounds are stored. The energy can also be used to produce seed to germinate and produce another plant. This energy storing process takes place with shrubs and grasses as well as trees; photosynthesis and the energy conversions and transfers that occur are complex, but the result is clear enough: during one growing season in one acre of forest, enough sun energy is converted and stored in plant material to equal the energy reservoir in 300 gallons of gasoline. Fire and the Forest We often regard fire as an agent of destruction, but to Nature, it is an agent of necessary change. Fire changes one form of energy to another. Green plants change light energy to chemical energy, fire changes chemical energy to heat energy. Fire breaks down complex organic molecules to smaller ones the same thing that occurs when we digest food. The protein in a piece of meat cannot be used directly by the human body to build cells and tissues. We must eat the meat before large protein molecules can be broken down to smaller amino acid molecules, recycled through our bodies, and rebuilt into human tissue. When a fire changes a log to ash, nutrients bound in chemical compounds are released and changed to a form that is more water soluble. In this soluble form, nutrients percolating into the soil are again usable in the growth of other plants. Fire also effects a more visible change. Ash and nutrients occupy less space than trees and shrubs. By creating openings in forests, fire changes space relationships. Species that remain in these openings may be fire tolerant. Other species that cannot withstand fire are eliminated. Thus, fire changes both the composition and the density of the forest. This change will remain for several years and affect the fuels available during the next burning cycle. Scientists who study plant and  animal relationships tell us that forests in this part of the country owe their existence and continued presence to a long history of periodic fires. This association of some tree and shrub species with fire is an example of adaptation. Forests in Florida have existed here for at least 12,000 years. During that time, thousands of fires occurred annually. Plant species that survived these fires did so because of special features or characteristics they possessed. Plant species lacking these features were eliminated from frequently burned areas; their distribution has been confined to areas where fires are less likely to occur, moist areas such as bays, swamps, and creek bottoms. Fires, like many natural events, are somewhat cyclic. The cycle is governed by conditions such as general climate, topography, soil type, existing vegetation, and other factors. Accordingly, the repeatability of the cycle varies. Before 1900, fire-susceptible areas probably had fires every 3 to 10 years. In areas less likely to burn, the cycle may repeat every 10 to 100 years. Cyclic, recurrent fires of the past 12,000 years were important agents of selection in determining plant species and distribution in Florida. Trees Born of Fire Special adaptive features have allowed some plants to survive naturally occurring fire. Adult southern pines have a thick bark that insulates the inner, living tissues from fires heat. Longleaf pine is so fire resistant that some trees almost always escape fires injurious effects. These trees become seed trees for the reforestation of a burned area. Sand pine exhibits yet another adaptation for coping with fire. Sand pine cones remain closed until a fires intense heat opens the cone and allows the seeds to fall out. Seeds of cone-bearing trees that persist in fire-susceptible areas sprout and grow best under conditions created by fire: soil free from litter, an increased nutrient reserve, plus open areas with plenty of sunlight. In contrast, species less adapted to fire, such as oaks, gums, cypress, and cedar do not usually reseed a burned area directly. Seedlings of these species prefer partial shade and plenty of moisture. Generally, they will reestablish only after some other type vegetation is present. The Changing Natural fires keep Floridas forests dynamic, diverse, and beautiful. Florida was named by the early explorers because of the abundance of wildflowers in  areas kept open by frequent fires. Historically, timber stands were replaced by young trees; sometimes one type of forest was replaced by another. Changes in tree cover occur together with even more encompassing changes because a forest is more than just trees. A forest displays interdependence, interrelationships, and competition among trees, shrubs, flowers, grasses, big and little animals, soils, microbes, minerals and nutrients in soils, and the air pervading and surrounding all of these. A forest is a complex life system. Each part has a place and a function in its organization an organization called the forest ecosystem. Because all parts of the system are interrelated, no one part can change without a widespread effect throughout the entire system. Forest fires affect more than trees. Fire-caused changes in ecosystems result in both stress and relief to plant and animal life both to individuals and to whole plant and animal communities. Thousands of years of natural fires achieved a dynamic balance between the stresses and relief. The fire-adapted pine forests thrived over vast areas. They provided habitat for hundreds of species of grasses and wildflowers, as well as dozens of animal species. All these species would quickly begin to decline in number and health and eventually disappear completely if fire is excluded. Fires Role in the Ecosystem A Balancing Act Scientists have studied forests and fires to determine the secret of Natures success in attaining this necessary balance. They have learned that a natural fire results from a certain fuel condition. Some forest types produce and accumulate fuels faster than others; some decompose fuels more readily than others. However, at some point in time, every forest type has fuel of the right quantity and quality for that forest to be ready to burn. In the past, forest fires would benefit the whole forest ecosystem because their frequency and intensity was determined by the systems natural readiness to burn. When there is a departure from the natural fire point, the ultimate, inevitable fire will be more severe. Fed by extraordinary amounts of fuel, a fires intensity may increase beyond the beneficial point for some parts of the ecosystem. Soils can be overheated and root systems damaged. Living tree crowns, as well as dead needles and branches, may be reduced to ashes. The Dilemma Scientists are studying things other than forests and fires things like population increases, wildlife needs, recreation needs and demands, increased hunting pressures, and a diminishing natural resource base. Obviously, all forest fires cannot be permitted to burn uncontrolled according to the whimsical dictates of lightning strikes or the carelessness of humans. Yet, in attempting to protect these forest values, the powerful role of fire has almost disappeared from the ecosystem it once shaped and created. The inevitable release of natural energy is only postponed-the probability of a devastating wildfire is increased. How, then, can the powerful force of fire be used in a way that cooperates, not conflicts, with nature? No Simple Solution Periodic natural fires prevent the heavy buildup of fuel which, when ignited, can harm our forests and ecosystems. Controlling fires in accordance with Natures scheme must be based on fuel management. There is no general prescription or formula for controlling fuels. Forested sites differ, and objectives range from essentially unmanaged wilderness to intensively managed recreation areas. However, in areas where the forest management objectives require maintaining or reproducing forest or other natural communities natures method fire is a valuable and effective fuel management tool. Fires natural role in reducing fuels is partly replaced in timber-producing areas by the harvest and removal of wood products. However, slash, resulting from these activities, creates another fuel problem. Better use of harvested wood is one answer fire is another. Controlled burning of non useable slash further reduces the fuel load and provides nutrients for the plants and animals that inhabit the area. The technical and scientific refinement of ways to use fire as a management tool has been a major subject of forest research. Scientists are focusing on forest fuel chemistry, fire behavior, meteorology, and other fields to best determine when, where, and how excess fuels are to be burned. Only in the last century has fire in the forest been viewed as a monster. We are now beginning to realize that fire is a natural agent essential for maintaining the natural ecosystems of Florida. Fire is  neither all good nor all bad. It is natural. It is powerful. In the proper places, in the right hands, at the right times, fire can be an asset and an ally. To employ fire as a useful friend is much more logical than confronting it as an enemy.

reincarnation :: essays research papers

The reincarnation system (tulku), a distinguishing characteristic of Tibetan Buddhism, is based the theory that Buddha's soul never vanishes, but reincarnates in succession to lead his followers and to accomplish his mission. One of first reincarnations among the Buddhist monks in Tibet is Karma Pakshi. In 1193, before Dusum Chenpa, a religious leader, the first Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu tradition of Tibetan Buddhism, passed away, he told his disciples that he would return as a reincarnated being. His disciples soon led a search for his infant reincarnation in accordance with his will. Several years later, Karma Pakshi turned out as the first reincarnation in Tibet and trained to be Karma Kagyu leader. After Karma Pakshi's reincarnation, the reincarnation system was adopted by other sects gradually to keep a consistent religious leadership. By applying the system, heirs for hundreds of Gyalwas (Living Buddhas) were selected, among whom the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama are the mo st prestigious. The Yellow Hat sect, Gelugpa tradition of Tibetan Buddhism also applied the system to hand down the titles conferred on the third Dalai Lama and the fourth Panchen Lama to keep their established religious and secular title and power. By the end of the Qing Dynasty there were 160 high lamas registered with the Board for Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs, each applying the reincarnation system to identify their next successors. Religious methods and rituals are used to identify a reincarnation of a late high lama. A search party headed by another high lama begins the search. After a religious retreat, lamas, dispatched in disguise, scour Tibet for special signs: new mothers who had unusual dreams, children who have special knowledge without being taught, and special physical traits, such as big ear lobes. The lamas refer to oracles, portents, dreams and the late lama's prophesy in order to aid them in their search. Some lamas are sent to Lhamo Latso, the Oracle Lake, to look for prophetic visions to help locate the reincarnation. Usually, dozens of candidates are sought. They will be tested with the late lama's possessions; those who have amazing knowledge in identifying their predecessor's belongings win and become the final candidates.

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MBA 504 – Managerial Economics (W. Troost) * Case study about the iPad Mini by Justin Sellers Kimberly Gadsden Krista Pauly Marjorie Venus Baliog Paulus Mirtschink Rob Hicks I have read the Student Academic Code of Conduct and this Assignment complies with the Code. 8th November 2012 * Table of Contents Table of Contents2 List of Figures3 1INTRODUCTION4 2FIRM, BRAND, LIFESTYLE4 3IINDUSTRY5 4COST8 5CONCLUSION9 APPENDICES11 A. Price Comparison of Generic Android Tablets12 B. Price Comparison of Premium Brand Tablets2 BIBLIOGRAPHY3 * List of FiguresFigure 1: Monopolistical pricing10 Figure 2: Technology life cycle11 Figure 3: VMP and MC in the US compared with China12 * INTRODUCTION Apple has clearly established itself as a market leader in the competitive market of consumer electronic products. Recently, the company released a smaller sized version of its highly successful tablet: the iPad. The launch has come under widespread criticism as many industry pundits believe the prici ng strategy may be incorrect and there are fears that the new product will cannibalize sales of other merchandise.Even the late Steve Jobs was strong in his view that Apple would never offer a smaller tablet product to the market as he felt it would provide less benefit to consumers. To properly assess whether or not Apple did in fact make the correct decision, the rationale behind the decision must be analyzed. As part of the analysis: the market structure, cost factors, competitive position, nature of product demand, and strategic vision will be scrutinized. FIRM, BRAND, LIFESTYLEUnder the direction of one of the most visionary CEOs of the modern era, Steve Jobs, Apple was able to completely revolutionize the way that consumer electronics are perceived, purchased, and manufactured. It started with a completely different concept of consumer preferences and has ultimately ended with the most valuable company in the world. Apple has a long history within the computer industry with a focus on building units for sale to the consumer marketplace. After success during the early 1980s with the launch of the Macintosh line of computers, the company failed to gain significant market share until the launch of the iMac in 1998.From the late 1990s Apple began a prolific campaign of acquiring other companies with specific technological expertise, which it began combining in both software and hardware components included in its subsequent line of products. Apple released the first of many important revolutionary products, the iPod, in 2001. The iPod became the ‘quantum leap’ the company had long been striving for and allowed the branding of Apple as a company with the Apple logo to become an industry heavyweight. The advertising that Apple used helped to produce an emotional response that resonated with consumers.Being seen with the iconic â€Å"white headphones† became as much about fashion and image as it was about the actual enjoyment of listening to mp3s on a personal device. Due to the vertical integration between devices, software and design based on a platform of â€Å"ease of use,† the company began to create immense brand loyalty. â€Å"Once you go Mac, you never go back,† is a phrase used to describe that once someone made the decision to purchase an Apple product (phone, computer, etc. ) the cost of switching becomes high.Apple intuitively created an opportunity cost for not purchasing newer Apple products because of the way their devices communicate with one another. Apple has gained such a significant brand following that demand for their products is much more inelastic than comparable firms. Demand for competitor’s products Demand for Apple products INDUSTRY There are significant numbers of manufacturers of tablet devices, but it can be argued that there are only several key players. The tablet marketplace is very interesting because of the dominant effect that Apple, Samsung, Google, and Amazon have on consumer behaviour.There is a significant split, both from a consumer and producer standpoint, between the ‘premium’ tablet devices and the ‘generic’ devices. In effect, there are two different marketplaces in operation simultaneously. In the generic market it is a competitive market, firms are essentially price takers as what they are offering is a standard tablet with limited features. In the premium market however, there is an oligopolistic situation where the major firms dominate both, market share and brand recognition. Please see Appendix A and B for Price comparisons of generic and premium brand tablets.The pricing strategy for the premium products is therefore very different than for generics. In the premium market, the products are seen as more inelastic based on their brand power, and thus a higher price can be charged in order to generate a higher economic profit. Apple uses the concept of â€Å"Prestige Pricing† for its product li ne. Prestige pricing happens when a firm charges a higher price for its products in an attempt to be seen as a ‘status’ item. Apple separates itself even from the other premium tablets by charging a price that is actually 2-5 times higher than some of its closest ivals. The reason that Apple has decided to launch at such a high price dates back to their theory of brand image and loyalty. With respect to the technology adoption lifecycle developed by Joe Bohlen et al. , Apple seeks to â€Å"reward† loyal customers by charging a high price so that only technologically conscious innovators and early adopters will have the product for a period. It is valuable to the innovators and early adopters to have the newest Apple product ahead of the vast majority of people and price point is a way to discriminate between groups.Once a product has been on the market for a sufficient amount of time, Apple will then drop the price to gain a larger amount of consumers that are wi lling to pay for the product at the given price. Graph Rob Directly related to the high price point that Apple charge is its monopolistic position within the industry. It is strategically beneficial from a firm standpoint to charge a price that causes the intersection of the marginal cost and marginal revenues when represented graphically. Figure 1: Monopolistical pricing For Apple, they experience higher economic profits when they charge a higher price initially.Only when they are about to release an updated version of the product will they drop the price to gain the additional consumer demand. When considering the product lifecycle, Apple seeks to have a different product in each section of the cycle. Rather than having different versions of the same model, the company simply relies on releasing a newer product, but still offering the old product for a period. When considering their new tablet the strategy will be as follows: 1) New tablet is released: iPad mini 2) After a designa ted amount of time, (typically 3-5 quarters) a new version will be released.Likely, it will be called the iPad mini S. 3) Following the same release schedule a bigger redesign will occur and the product will come out as the iPad mini 2. Figure 2: Technology life cycle Apple prices the tablet in #1 high in order to experience profits from the innovators and early adopters. By the time the newer version is announced, the company will drop the price in order to gain access to the early majority. When the new product is actually released #2 it will have a premium price point to again gain access to the innovators and early adopters.Product #1 is moving from early majority to late majority as the price drop has opened up a wealth of consumers willing to buy. When product #3 is announced the price of both product #1 and product #2 will be dropped. By this time product #1 will be 2 editions old and is likely to be purchased by the tail end of late majority and laggards. Product #2 will tak e its place in the early majority and innovators will desire product #3. When considering Apple’s brand loyalty it is also likely that by the time product #3 comes out some people that purchased product #1 will deem that it is time to upgrade. COSTAnother major consideration in the pricing of Apple’s products is the associated cost of producing them. Each item has a large array of inputs ranging from: hardware, software, development, advertising, testing, management, transport, and legal issues. Apple has sought out areas of the world where it is cheaper to assemble their units because the relationship between manufacturing and transportation costs results in higher profit. Figure 3: VMP and MC in the US compared with China Apple has formed a coalition of manufacturers that it uses to outsource many of the components that it uses within its products.In some cases the firms that manufacture parts for Apple are actually direct competitors within the same market. If you l ook at the decision to manufacture internally or outsource to another company it is very similar to the trade theories of competitive and comparative advantage. When considering the iPad mini, Apple had to decide whether to make the computing hardware themselves or have someone else make it for them. Apple deemed that they have a competitive advantage in software development and that Samsung and Intel have comparative advantages in production of hardware, thus they made the decision to have the parts made for them.Each iPad that Apple sells generates a large amount of profit for the firm because their total cost is significantly less than the price point at which it is sold. Generally, Apple sells their products for at least 3 times as much as their total cost, resulting in a huge amount of revenue. You guessed it†¦ a graph What the fuck Justin?!? CONCLUSION * APPENDICES Price Comparison of Generic Android Tablets Price Comparison of Premium Brand Tablets * BIBLIOGRAPHY *

The Hunters: Moonsong Chapter Twenty-Seven

Bounce Bounce Bounce Swish Catch Bounce Bounce Swish Catch Stefan stood on the free-throw line of the empty basketbal court, mechanical y dribbling and throwing the bal through the net. He felt empty inside, an automaton making perfect identical shots. He didn't real y love basketbal . For him, it lacked both the satisfying contact of footbal and the mathematical precision of pool. But it was something to do. He'd been up al night and al morning, and he couldn't stand the endless pacing of his own feet around the campus, or the sight of the four wal s of his room. What was he going to do now? There didn't seem to be much point to going to school without Elena beside him. He tried to block out his memories of the centuries of wandering the world alone, without her, without Damon, that preceded his coming to Fel ‘s Church. He was shutting down his emotions as hard as he could, forcing himself numb, but he couldn't help dimly wondering if centuries of loneliness were in store for him again. â€Å"Quite a talent you got there,† a shadow said, stepping away from the bleachers. â€Å"We should have recruited you for the basketbal team, too.† â€Å"Matt,† Stefan acknowledged, making another basket, then tossing the bal to him. Matt lined up careful y to the basket and shot, and it circled the rim before dropping through. Stefan waited while Matt ran to get the bal , then turned to him. â€Å"Were you looking for me?† he asked, careful y not asking if Elena had sent him. Looking surprised, Matt shook his head. â€Å"Nah. I like to shoot baskets when I've got some thinking to do. You know.† â€Å"What's going on?† Stefan asked. Matt rubbed the back of his neck, embarrassed. â€Å"There was this girl who I kind of liked, who I've been thinking about for a while, wanting to ask out. And, uh, it turns out she already has a boyfriend.† â€Å"Oh.† After a few minutes, Stefan realized he ought to respond with something more. â€Å"I'm sorry to hear that.† â€Å"Yeah.† Matt sighed. â€Å"She's real y special. I thought – I don't know, it would be nice to have something like what you and Elena have. Someone to love.† Stefan winced. It felt like Matt had twisted a knife in his gut. He flung the bal at the basket, not aiming this time, and it bounced back at them hard off the backboard. Matt jumped to catch it, then moved toward him, holding out a hand. â€Å"Hey, hey, Stefan. Take it easy. What is it?† â€Å"Elena and I aren't seeing each other anymore,† Stefan said flatly, trying to ignore the stab of pain from saying the words. â€Å"She – I saw her kissing Damon.† Matt looked at Stefan silently for what felt like a long time, his pale blue eyes steady and compassionate. Stefan was struck sharply by the memory that Matt had loved Elena, too, and that they had been together before Stefan came into the picture. â€Å"Look,† Matt said final y. â€Å"You can't control Elena. If there's one thing I know about her – and I've known her for our whole lives – it's that she's always going to do what she wants to do, no matter what gets in her way. You can't stop her.† Stefan began to nod, hot tears burning behind his eyes. â€Å"But,† Matt added, â€Å"I also know that, in the end, you're the one for her. She's never felt the way she does about you for anyone else. And, y'know, I'm starting to discover that there are other girls out there, but I don't think you're going to. Whatever's going on with Damon, Elena wil come back to you. And you'd be an idiot not to let her, because she's the only one for you.† Stefan rubbed the bridge of his nose. He felt breakable, like his bones were made of glass. â€Å"I don't know, Matt,† he said tiredly. Matt grinned sympathetical y. â€Å"Yeah, but I do.† He tossed Stefan the bal and Stefan caught it automatical y. â€Å"Want to play Horse?† He was tired and heartsick, but, as he dribbled the bal , thinking that he'd have to take it a tiny bit easy to give Matt a chance, Stefan felt a stirring of hope. Maybe Matt was right. â€Å"Are you crazy?† Bonnie shouted. She had always thought that â€Å"seeing red† was just a metaphor, but she was so angry that she actual y was seeing the faintest scarlet touch on everything, as if the whole room had been dipped in blood-tinged water. Meredith and Elena exchanged glances. â€Å"We're not saying there is anything wrong with Zander,† Meredith said gently. â€Å"It's just that we want you to be careful.† â€Å"Careful?† Bonnie gave a mean, bitter little laugh and shoved past them to grab a duffel bag out of her closet. â€Å"You're just jealous,† she said without looking at them. She unzipped the bag and started to dump in some clothes. â€Å"Jealous of what, Bonnie?† Elena asked. â€Å"I don't want Zander.† â€Å"Jealous because I'm final y the one who has a boyfriend,† Bonnie retorted. â€Å"Alaric is back in Fel ‘s Church, and you broke up with both your boyfriends, and you don't like seeing me happy when you're miserable.† Elena shut her mouth tightly, white spots showing on her cheekbones, and turned away. Eyeing Bonnie careful y, Meredith said, â€Å"I told you what I saw, Bonnie. It's nothing definite, but I'm afraid that the person who attacked that girl might have been Zander. Can you tel me where he was after you two left the party last night?† Focusing on stuffing her favorite jeans into what was already starting to seem like an overcrowded bag, Bonnie didn't answer. She could feel an annoying tel tale flush spreading up her neck and over her face. Fine, this was probably enough clothes. She could grab her toothbrush and moisturizer from the bathroom on her way down the hal . Meredith came toward her, hands open and outstretched placatingly. â€Å"Bonnie,† she said gently, â€Å"we do want you to be happy. We real y do. But we want you to be safe, too, and we're worried that Zander might not be everything you think he is. Maybe you could stay away from him, just for a little while? While we check things out?† Bonnie zipped up her bag, threw it over her shoulder, and headed for the door, brushing past Meredith without a glance. She was planning to just walk out but, at the last minute, wheeled around in the doorway to face them again, unable to bite back what she was thinking. â€Å"What's kil ing me here,† she said, â€Å"is what hypocrites you two are. Don't you remember when Mr. Tanner was murdered? Or the tramp who was almost kil ed under Wickery Bridge?† She was actual y shaking with fury. â€Å"Everyone in the whole town thought Stefan was responsible. Al the evidence pointed at him. But Meredith and I didn't think so, because Elena told us she knew Stefan couldn't have done it, that he wouldn't have done it. And we believed you, even though you didn't have any proof to give us,† she said, staring at Elena, who dropped her eyes to the floor. â€Å"I would have thought you could trust me the same way.† She looked back and forth between them. â€Å"The fact that you're suspecting Zander even though I'm standing here, tel ing you he would never hurt anybody, makes it clear that you don't respect me,† she said coldly. â€Å"Maybe you never did.† Bonnie stomped out of the room, hitching the strap of the duffel bag higher on her shoulder. â€Å"Bonnie† she heard behind her and turned to look back one more time. Meredith and Elena were both reaching after her, identical expressions of frustration on their faces. â€Å"I'm going to Zander's,† Bonnie told them curtly. That would show them what she thought about their suspicions of him. She slammed the door behind her.

Culture Identity Essays - Anthropology, Science Fiction Literature

Culture Identity Essays - Anthropology, Science Fiction Literature Culture Identity Many people go to different countries. Some of them go for school, some others go for business and some others go for living. However, some people adapt well to a new environment and others retain their original culture identity. I think adapting to a new culture or environment depends on three main reasons: background culture, where they stay, and their personality. The first reason is the background culture of people. There are many people who don't like their own culture or environment. They try to run away or change their culture. Therefore, it would be easier for those people to adapt to a new culture or environment. For example, many Russian people especially businessmen don't like the business system in their country. Their system is Communism, which means that the government controls all the production and distribution of goods. Therefore, when many Russian people go to a new environment or new culture, the United States for instance, they find it better than their country because it has a different system. The United States' system is Capitalism, which means that any person can be a private ownership. Therefore, it may be easier for those people to adapt a new culture or a new environment. For example, in The Plane Reservation, Massud Farzan states that he has stayed in the United States for a long time before he visited his family in Iran. When he arrived in Iran, he found a lot of changes. It can be understood that the writer didn't like his country and his culture before he left to the United States. When he lived in the United States, he found the right place for him that made it very easy for him to adapt to the American culture. Therefore, the background culture of people has a lot of effects on adapting to a new culture. The second reason might be where people stay the most. Some people think that when a person lives in a new culture, he or she can easily adapt to the new culture. However, they forget that with whom they stay the most in the new culture can make a difference. If a person stays mostly with his or her own people, it may be very hard for that person to adapt to the new culture because he or she would not learn the new culture by staying with people from that culture. On the other hand, he or she can easily retain to their original culture identity because they would not know much about the new culture. For example, there are many Hispanic people living in the United States. Some of them don't even know how to speak English. It is because they stay mostly with people from the same culture, speak the same language and do not communicate much with American people. That all can make it very hard for some people to adapt to a new culture. Therefore, the people and the community that a person stays with have a lot of effects on adapting to a new culture. The third reason is the personality of a person and where he or she has learned it. It might be sometimes very hard to adapt to a new culture whose people act and behave differently. For example, from the first week I've arrived in the United States coming from the United Arab Emirates, I lived in a school dormitory. However, I couldn't stay longer than a month in the dormitory. It was not because of the small room or one kitchen in each floor, but it was because of the bathrooms. Whenever I wanted to take a shower, I saw men naked, and they walk around in the bathroom without any underwear on. It was very surprising for me because I've come from a country where people consider walking naked in bathroom is a very bad habit. I could not stand or adapt to living in the dormitory anymore. Therefore, I moved to a three-bedroom apartment with two roommates from the same culture so that we could understand each other easily. Even though I've been in the United States for about five years, I still don't want to see naked men in the bathrooms. Therefore,

Difference Between a Chemical Reaction and the Equation

Difference Between a Chemical Reaction and the Equation What is the difference between a chemical reaction and the chemical equation? The terms are often used interchangeably, but they are technically different terms. A chemical reaction is a process that occurs when one or more substances are changed into one or more new substances. For example: Hydrogen and oxygen gas combine to produce water.Sodium chloride (table salt) dissociates in water to form sodium and chlorine ions.Methane combusts in oxygen to form carbon dioxide, heat, and water. A chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Atomic symbols are used to represent the elements that take part in a reaction. Numbers are used to represent the ratios of reactants and products to produce the reaction and arrows point the direction a reaction occurs where the arrow points from reactants to products. For example, using for the above chemical reactions: 2 H2(g) O2(g) → 2 H2O(ℓ)This chemical equation reads: Two hydrogen gas molecules and one oxygen gas molecule produce two molecules of water.NaCl(s) H2O → Na(aq) Cl-(aq)One molecule of sodium chloride dissociates in water into one sodium ion and one chlorine ion.CH4 2 O2 → CO2 2 H2O (DeltaH -891 kJ/mol)This equation shows one methane molecule and two oxygen gas molecules form a carbon dioxide molecule, two water molecules and release 891 kilojoules of heat. To review:Chemical reactions are processes where reactants become new products.Chemical equations are a symbolic representation of chemical reactions.

E-commerce law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

E-commerce law - Essay Example e, offer, or delivery of property, goods, services, or information, whether or not for consideration, and includes the provision of Internet access†2 E-commerce has developed rapidly and has a huge potential in the 21st century. In August 2005, one of the research institutes in America published that in the past several years the development rate of electronic commerce was up to 97%, occupied 8% of the total trade in American.3 According to United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the electronic commerce total trade figure was 12 ä ¸â€¡Ã¤ º ¿dollars in the world within 2006, which is 18% of international trade volume. It also indicated that electronic commerce will keep increasing with the rate of 50% within the future. In China, electronic commerce started developing rapidly within recent years, especially in big cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen. In 2004, the total electronic trade value was 4400 million Yuan, which was an increase of 47% compared with 2003. The figure increased sharply into 6000 million in 2005.4 Xiaoping Song, the head officer of China Electronic Commerce Association, indicated that the development of electronic commerce in China will come within a booming era.5 This paragraph below shows the development of e-commerce trade value in China from 2001 to 2006. The unit of each year is hundred million Chinese Yuan. Although the development of electronic commerce has been both rapid and dramatic, it makes an ongoing process in taxation even more evident. It challenges both tax authorities and taxpayers throughout the world. How to maximize the potential efficiency gains of the Internet and protect the revenue base without hindering the development of new technologies are challenges for tax authorities. Tax bases are becoming more and more mobile.6 As to the issue of China, it is vital for Chinese government to make more effort for the protection and development of this sun-rise industry. However, due to the emergence of

Adviertisment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Adviertisment - Essay Example Rumors may tarnish the quality of a product, but adverts will tend to assure that the product is good. Whether pitching or promoting products and services, all businesses need to make advertisements in order to make connections with their current and prospective customers. Small scale businesses face challenges in making choices on whether to spend their small advertising budgets on television or posters. Print adverts often come with lower sticker prices than the television adverts. TV adverts are strong and have a variety of advantages that the posters lack. Making adverts over the television is more effective than the posters because it reaches out to customers over a wide area at the same time. This survey product on 20th of April 2014 and was given to ilac students , teacher who were in pre-degree iii classes on 8th of April 2014.there were 26persons received this survey however all that people who answered were asked to be anonymous, only there ages and countries can be recorded. Because ilac is an international language school, all of people who answered that surveys covered a particular age from 17-40 years old, include 11 different countries these anonymous were given survey with 10 questions about advertisement. Six of the respondents from Ilac, Russia and two from Asia said advertisements are meant to increase sales in a business. Increasing the sales result in an increase in the profits of a business. But making more sales is not the only use of making. Advertisements can be used as a way of introducing services and products in the market. Through adverts, people who get access to them will learn about the new product without necessarily having to buy them. Adverts can also be used to impress and motivate different trade channels. Making an advertisement about a product may change the perception of how people or consumers think concerning the product. Rumors may tarnish the quality of a product, but